Challenges and role of Artificial Intelligence: the role of the robot Lawyer in the transformation of the legal sector

Abstract

The article explores the challenges and role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the legal field, with an emphasis on the automation of routine tasks in law firms. The goal is to investigate how AI, especially through deep learning, can automate activities such as drafting and filing petitions, allowing lawyers to focus on more complex analyses. Specifically, the study aims to: (1) identify practical applications of AI in the legal field; (2) evaluate the benefits and limitations of these applications; and (3) reflect on the ethical aspects involved. The methodology adopted is deductive, based on a literature review on AI, including the distinction between strong and weak AI and its practical use in the legal environment. The study also highlights the use of the “robot lawyer” Ross, already operating in law firms in the United States. The results indicate that AI provides significant improvements in the efficiency of repetitive tasks, but also raises ethical concerns, such as a lack of transparency and potential discrimination in algorithmic decisions. These issues highlight the need for caution in the use of AI, since, although the technology is promising, it cannot fully replace the human role in the legal process. Only human beings are capable of creating the data that feeds AI systems and of dealing with unforeseen decisions that require critical reflection. The study concludes that, for the responsible and ethical use of AI in Law, it is essential to balance the automation provided by algorithms with human intervention, ensuring that decision-making preserves justice and equity in the legal context.