Theoretical study on the properties of strontium fluoride: a narrative review

Abstract

This work is a narrative review investigating the potential of strontium fluoride nanoparticles (SrF₂-NPs) as a biomaterial for bone regeneration in regenerative medicine. The research aimed to understand the physicochemical, biological, and structural properties of SrF₂-NPs, as well as their ability to stimulate bone growth, promote bioactivity, reduce infections, and facilitate healing under adverse clinical conditions. Studies published in English between 2014 and 2024 were included from the Scielo, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases. The search terms used were “SrF2 nanoparticles” and “strontium fluoride,” focusing on articles that addressed SrF₂ in bone regeneration. Articles outside this period, in other languages, or with different themes were excluded. A total of 10 articles met the eligibility criteria. The process involved an initial search, screening, and critical analysis of the articles. The results indicate that SrF₂-NPs are a promising biomaterial due to the synergistic action of strontium (which promotes osseointegration and healing) and fluorine (which contributes to remineralization and has antibacterial properties). The release of Sr2+ and F- ions enhances antibacterial and osteogenic properties, creating an environment favorable for apatite deposition. Despite challenges in optimizing the dose and controlling release, the combination of strontium and fluorine offers significant potential to improve bioactivity, mechanical properties, and antimicrobial effects in biomaterials for regenerative bone medicine.