Nanotechnology in smart dressings: advances in the healing process of skin lesions - a systematic review

Abstract

Nanotechnology applied to smart dressings has shown significant advances in improving the healing process of skin wounds. The skin, as the largest organ of the human body, plays a crucial role in protecting against external agents and maintaining homeostasis. Skin injuries trigger a complex healing process involving cellular and molecular events to restore skin integrity. Traditional dressings serve primarily as physical barriers, while smart dressings, developed with nanotechnology, offer additional functionalities such as optimized tissue regeneration, antimicrobial properties, controlled drug release and sensors for real-time monitoring. The incorporation of nanofibrous membranes and hydrogels with compositions combined with various polymers results in dressings with optimized structural and functional properties. The mechanisms of action range from functionalization with nanoparticles and natural additives to advanced methods of controlled drug release and monitoring of local wound conditions. These methods promote re-epithelialization, cellular angiogenesis, improve antimicrobial activity and provide controlled and targeted delivery of therapies. Nanotechnology-based smart dressings have the potential to transform the management and treatment of skin lesions, offering more effective and personalized approaches. Continued research and development in this area is essential to consolidate new innovative treatments and expand knowledge in the health field.